ࡱ> uwta R%jbjb11 *z[[/////3"080808080808080l3n3n3n3n3n3n3,5R7380808080803X080803X0X0X080 8080l3X0ttJ80l3X0X0X00 )/B0X0X0303X08X08X0X0$$Farm Animals Research Activity Factory-Farmed Pigs Up to 10,000 pigs are kept in a single building, crowded together in small pens or cages unable to turn around or walk. Sows are kept in narrow stalls or chained in rows and give birth on bare concrete floors in birthing crates. They are separated from their piglets by metal bars that allow nursing but little other physical contact. Piglets are weaned from their mothers at 3-4 weeks old. Their tails are docked and teeth clipped as they often become aggressive in such crowded conditions. They are fed a high protein diet and treated with antibiotic growth promoters to make them grow faster and bigger. Many of them suffer from leg disorders or heart diseases as a result of their unnaturally fast growth rate. They are slaughtered when they are six months old. Sows are slaughtered after 2-3 years of continual pregnancy when they can no longer produce enough babies. Organically Farmed Pigs Pigs spend most of their lives outside and when inside are not tethered and therefore can move around freely. Sows build a nest in the ground and fill it with grass and straw before giving birth. Piglets are weaned from their mother at about eight weeks old. They are fed organically produced feed, and antibiotics and GM material are banned. Extra feed is provided during cold and wet weather and feed is always spread carefully among all the pigs to avoid aggression and stress. They are provided with straw bedding material, which keeps them comfortable and warm. Tail docking and teeth clipping are unnecessary since pigs are kept at low stocking density and their straw bedding allows for chewing. Outside, they can follow their natural instincts of rooting around, chewing and exploring their surroundings. Due to slower growth rates, pigs can live up to one year before they are slaughtered. Factory-Farmed Chickens An average of 25,000 broiler (meat) chickens are crowded together in a large, windowless shed. They are mechanically fed, watered and medicated. Each chicken commonly has the size of an A4 piece of paper of space. They are fed high protein feed and constantly treated with antibiotic growth promoters to make them grow faster and bigger. Often, their hearts, lungs and bones cannot keep up with this rapid growth. As a result, many suffer painful and crippling lameness and about 10% die from heart attacks and other diseases. An automatic debeaker is used to cut off the chicks beaks as they may attack each other due to the stress of such crowded conditions in which they cannot stretch or flap their wings or even sleep for extended periods. They are slaughtered after about 42 days. Organically Farmed Chickens Chickens are mainly kept outside but have constant access to shelter if they want to come inside because of rain or heat. They are provided with clean straw bedding inside the barns and can enjoy perching off the ground when sleeping. By law, no more than 4,800 chickens can be kept in a single barn. Their feed is organically grown, and antibiotics and GM growth promoters are banned. Drugs are only used to treat specific illnesses in individual chickens. Outside, they can also enjoy their natural behaviours, such as digging for insects and worms, sunning themselves and taking frequent dustbaths to clean and fluff their feathers. Organic standards require that the minimum age of slaughter should be 81 days, which allows for a slower and balanced growth. Factory-Farmed Dairy Cows Dairy cows are kept permanently tied up in concrete-floored sheds or kept in densely populated mud lots - enclosures without grass. They are usually mechanically fed, watered and milked. Fed a heavy grain diet and often treated with GM enhancers to increase their milk production. As a result, they produce 20 times more milk than is natural. Up to 50% of cows suffer from mastitis, a painful inflammation of the udder linked to the overproduction of milk. Their diet can cause a number of health problems and lameness so cows are fed constant doses of antibiotics to keep them alive. Calves are taken away from their mothers when they are just a few hours old. After 3-4 years, the cow can no longer keep up with such high milk production and is slaughtered. Organically Farmed Dairy Cows All dairy cows over six months old have access to outdoor pastures during the grass-grazing season. When housed, the cows have freedom to move around and to exercise in shaded exercise areas. They are provided with clean, dry bedding material. Their housing is well ventilated and has good air circulation so the animals remain comfortable. They are fed organic hay and grain when they are not out grazing. No hormones are used to promote growth, and antibiotics and GM products are not put into any food or health care products. They are milked three times a day to relieve their udders of unnecessary stress and painful milk build-up. If a cow becomes sick, it is treated with aspirin, massage or other natural remedies. The average lifespan of a cow is five years, and some live for as long as 15 years. Farm Animals Research Activity * You will be given a short reading passage about a farm animal. Other students will be given different reading passages. Read yours carefully and complete the outline for your animal in the Farming Research Form. * Try to complete the Farming Research Form by asking other students questions to get the information you need. Ask questions like this: What animal do you have? What are .............s housing conditions? What are the living conditions of ...................like? What kind of diet and medications are they given? What is the life span of ...................? What other events may happen in the life of a ...............? * Listen and write down the answers to your questions. Dont read or copy other students reading passages or notes. If you dont understand, ask for a repetition or explanation. E.g., Sorry, could you repeat that? Sorry, how do you spell that? Excuse me, could you explain that? Farm Animals Research Form Animal: Housing Conditions:Living Conditions: Diet and Medication: Lifespan: Other life events:  Animal: Housing Conditions:Living Conditions: Diet and Medication: Lifespan: Other life events:  Animal: Housing Conditions:Living Conditions: Diet and Medication: Lifespan: Other life events:  Animal: Housing Conditions:Living Conditions: Diet and Medication: Lifespan: Other life events:  Animal: Housing Conditions:Living Conditions: Diet and Medication: Lifespan: Other life events:  Animal: Housing Conditions:Living Conditions: Diet and Medication: Lifespan: Other life events:  Discuss with your partner 1. How often do you eat meat or chicken? How often do you drink milk? What other dairy products do you eat? 2. Are the meat or dairy products you buy from organic, free-range animals or from factory farms? 3. If you had a choice, which would you buy? a) organic b) factory farmed c) either d) I am more concerned about . . . . (Give reasons for your choice) 4. Which kind of farming do you think is better for: a) the environment b) the animals c) the farmers d) your health (Give reasons for your choice) 5. (Homework) a) Look at the packaging on the meat or dairy products you buy. What information is provided about the conditions in which the animals are raised? Contact the company or do an Internet search to try and discover more about the topics that were covered on the Farming Research Form. Be prepared to share your findings with your partner. b) Go to the following website:  HYPERLINK "http://www.themeatrix.com" www.themeatrix.com and watch the short cartoon on Factory Farming. 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